What condition results from the underproduction of melanin?

The condition that results from the underproduction of melanin is hypopigmentation. This term specifically refers to areas of the skin that have less color than the surrounding skin due to a reduced amount of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. This can occur due to various factors, including genetic conditions, skin injuries, or certain diseases, which affect the melanocytes (the cells producing melanin).

In contrast, hyperpigmentation refers to areas of the skin that are darker than the surrounding skin, typically caused by an overproduction of melanin, while conditions like albinism involve a complete or near-complete lack of melanin across the entire body. Melasma, on the other hand, is a type of hyperpigmentation characterized by brown patches on the face, often related to hormonal changes. Therefore, hypopigmentation accurately describes the underproduction of melanin, making it the correct response.